<Lesson-16>
In this lesson, you will learn expressions
with time relation words<mae/ato/kara>
related phrases and some conjunctions for connecting
sentences.
A, Expressions using "mae(before)"and "ato(after)"
The
words "Mae" and "Ato" to show time relations has already appeared on lesson-13
with connecting time words. < e.g
ichijikan mae (before 1 hour), ato ikkagetsu ( more 1 month)
>
These words "mae"and"ato" can be connected with words
which denotes some kind of activity or events to
explain time relations.
Some examples will make this clear.( Please click HERE to listen to these sentences. )
<A no mae (ni) / A no mae (no) B> the word A ,B = nouns
*Shokuji no mae (
ni), te o aratte kudasai.
食事の前に手を洗ってください。 *shokiji=meal,
( Please wash your
hands before the
meal )
*Watashi wa shiken no
mae ( ni ) benkyou o shimasen deshita.
私は試験の前に勉強をしませんでした。
( I didn't
study before the
test )
*Ryokou no mae no
keikaku wa taisetsu desu.
旅行の前の計画は大切です。 *keikaku=(
(Making plan before trip is
important.)
<A no ato (de or ni) / A no ato no B> the word A. B = nouns
*Shokuji no ato
(de/ni) ha o migaite kudasai. 食事の後（で or
に）歯を磨いてください。 *ha=teeth,*
( Please brush your teeth after
eating)
*Watashi
wa shigoto no ato
(de/ni) resutoran ni ikimashita. 私は仕事の後（で or
に）レストランに行きました。
( I went to a
restaurant after working)
*Undou no ato no
shokuji wa oishii desu.
運動の後の食事はおいしいです。 *undou=
( A meal after exercises is delicious)
[ Grammatical notes
]
* The
particles "ni" or "de"after "mae/ato"are optional. (not necessary to follow
"mae/ato")
* Regarding the phrase "A no mae ni", if the
word A is the one for a place or a building, it becomes
the
the phrase which means "in front of
A" ( see =>lesson-5)
Let's practice these phrases.
Exercise 1, Please fill in the proper words in the blanks.e.g Please wash your eyes after swimming. * eye=me
*swimming=suiei
( suiei no
ato) me o aratte-kudasai. （水泳のあと、目を洗ってください。）
1,
Before cooking , I bought vegetables and meat * cooking=料理（りょうり）
*vegetables=野菜（やさい） *meat=肉（にく）
私は
( )
肉と野菜をかいました。
2
I like shopping after work .
*shopping=買い物（かいもの）
私は
( )
が好きです。
3, I
wrote the report before meeting . *report=レポート
*meeting=会議（かいぎ）
私は
( )
レポートを書きました。
4, I
went to the coffee shop after dinner *dinner=晩御飯（ばんごはん）、夕食（ゆうしょく） *coffee
shop=喫茶店（きっさてん）
私は
( )
喫茶店に行きました。
5, I
don't like tests before the summer vacation *summer
vacation=夏休み（なつやすみ）
私は
( )
が嫌いです。
6,
There is a opening ceremony before the contest *opening
ceremony=開会式（かいかいしき）*contest=
(
) 開会式があります。
*"mae"
and "ato" are also used for joining some sentences to express the time relations
of activities, .
And "kara"as well as "ato" is used to
mean "after--"
Let's see example
Original:Watashi wa asa-gohan o tabemasu Soshite, Watashi wa
shigoto ni
ikimasu.
( I eat breakfast. and then I go to work)
*<mae>_expression
=> Watashi wa shigoto ni iku mae ni asa-gohan o
tabemasu.
( I eat breakfast before going to work
)
*<ato>_expression
=> Watashi wa asa-gohan o tabe-ta ato (de),
shigoto ni
ikimasu.
( I go to work after eating
breakfast)
*<kara>_expression
=> Watashi wa asa-gohan o tabe-te kara , shigoto
ni
ikimasu.
( I go to work after eatig
breakfast)
[
Grammatical notes]
* In the above expressions,the
form of verb immediately before <mae><ato><kara> is as
follows.
<mae>the verb immediately before
<mae> is dictionary form. e.g -iku mae, -taberu
mae
<ato> the verb immediately before
<ato>is ta-form. e.g -itta ato, -tabeta
ato
<kara>the verb immediately before
<kara> is te-form. e.g -itte kara. -tabete
kara
ta-form can be obtained by changing"te"in the
te-form into "ta"
Exercise 2, Please make proper sentences, as shown in the examples.
e.g
< I wash my hand >--><I have a meal> *to have a meal=shokuji o
suru
(mae) watashi wa
shokuji o suru mae ni te o
araimasu.
私は食事をする前に、手を洗います。
(ato) watashi wa te o aratta ato (de) shokuji o
shimasu.
私は手を洗った後で、食事をします。
(kara) watashi wa te o aratte kara, shokuji o
shimasu.
私は手を洗ってから、食事をします。
< I worked at hotel
>-->< I am working at this company> *to
work=hataraku
(mae) watashi wa
kono kaisha de hataraku mae ni hoteru
de hataraki-mashita.
私はこの会社で働く前に、ホテルで働きました。
(ato) watashi wa
hoteru de hatarai-ta ato , kono kasha
de hataraite-imasu.
私はホテルで働いたあと、この会社で働いています。
(kara) watashi wa hoteru
de hatarai-te kara, kono kaisha de
hataraite-imasu.
私はホテルで働いてから、この会社で働いています。
1,
<I go shopping.>--> < I make food.
>
(
mae)
( ato
)
( kara)
2, <
I check prices.>-->< I buy goods.>*price=nedan,
*goods=商品（しょうひん） *to check=調べる（しらべる）
(mae)
(ato)
(kara)
3,
<I cleaned my house. >-->< I went out. >*to clean
=掃除（そうじ）する *to go out= 出かける（でかける）
(mae)
(ato)
(kara)
4,<He studied at home everyday.>-><He took the
exams.>*take exam
=テストをうける *everyday=毎日（まいにち）
(mae)
(ato)
(kara)
5,
<We lived in Tokyo.>-->< We live in Chicago.> *to
live=住む（すむ）
(mae)
(ato)
(kara)
*By the way, I remind you of another, similar _expression using the te-form of verbs which we saw in the lesson-12,
e.g. "watashi wa aso-gohan o tabe-te, shigoto ni ikimasu. "( I eat breakfast and go to work. )
"tabete" in this sentence can be replaced by "tabete kara"or
"tabeta ato de".
But, please note the te-form has not only
a conjunctive use, but also a simultaneous use, (See
lesson-12)
Here are some more sentences showing this use of the te-form.
*watashi wa neru mae
ni,( watashi wa ) hon o yonde, wain o nomimasu.
*neru=to go to bed, sleep
私は寝る前に、（私は）本を読んで、ワインを飲みます。
(Before going to bed, I read book and drink
wine.)
*yonde=te-form of "yomu"
*watashi wa asa
okita ato,(watashi wa) ha o migaite, kao o
araimashita. *okiru=to wake
up
私は朝起きた後、（私は）歯を磨いて、顔を洗いました。
(After waking up, I
brushed my teeth and washed my face. )
*okite=
te-form of "okiru" *migaite=te-form of
"migaku"
Exercise-3 Please make proper sentences using the word given in the <brackets >.
e.g Before I went out, I cooked noodles and ate
it.
<mae> watashi wa
dekakeru mae ni, (watashi wa) soba o
ryouri-shite,
tabemashita.
私は出かける前に、（私は）そばを料理して、食べました。
1,
Before I got on the train , I went to the ticket office and bought a ticket.
*ticket office=切符売り場（きっぷうりば）
<mae>
2,
Before he came, I went home and decorated it with flowers. *to decorate A with B
= A を B で 飾る（かざる）
<mae>
3,
After I ate a dinner, I watched T.V and read newspapers.
*newspaper=新聞（しんぶん）
<ato
>
<kara>
4,
After I spoke with Mr. Eto by phone, I went to the restaurant and met with
him.
<ato>
<kara>
B, Expressions using " mama" and nagara"(while,during)
The
words "mama"and "nagara" are used when activities,events are in progress
simultaneously.
Please note: "mama" and "nagara"can only
follow verbs.
We will now see some examples of the use of "nagara""mama".
[ NAGARA ながら] -at the same time
with-
*watashi wa uta o
utai nagara, shigoto o
shimasu 私は歌を歌いながら、仕事をします。
( I work while singing songs )
*utau=to sing
< how to connect with
verb> masu-form without "masu"(pre-masu form) +
NAGARA
[ MAMA まま] -with one action being allowed to go
on-, -under the condition with-
*watashi wa
tatta mama,koohii o nomimashita
私は立ったまま、コーヒーを飲みました。
( I drink coffee while standing up
) *tatsu=to stand up
< how to connect with
verb> ta-form (changing "te"of the te-form into
"ta")+MAMA
Exercise 4 Please make proper sentences , as shown in the example.
e.g ( I dreamed )+ ( I slept ) using "nagara"
*dream=yume, * to dream=yume o miru
watashi wa ne-nagara, yume o
mimashita.
（私は寝ながら、夢を見ました。）
( I
listened to the music) + ( I closed my eyes) using "mama"* to
close=tojiru
watashi wa me o toji-ta mama, ongaku o
kikimashita. （私は目を閉じたまま、
1, ( I
eat breakfast) +( I watch T.V) using "nagara
"
*breakfast＝朝食（ちょうしょく）
2, ( I
slept) + ( I had the windows open) using
"mama"
* to open
=開ける（あける）
3, ( He
talked with his friend) + ( He walked ) using
"nagara"
*to walk=歩く（あるく） *to
talk=話す（はなす）
4, ( I
am traveling around Japan) +(I am doing hitchhike ) using "nagara
"
*to travel=旅行（りょこう）する
*hitchhike=ヒッチハイク
5, ( I
am standing for long time)+(I have a heavy bag)using
"mama"
*for long time=長いあいだ
*heavy=重い（おもい） *bag=鞄（かばん）
C, Expressions using conjunction
"soshite""sorede""suruto""
There
are various words for connecting sentences according to the
context.
In this lesson, you will learn "soshite " which
means "and" and some related words.
[soshite そ して] the meaning--and
,then
[soshite] is used for expressing consecutive
actions
e,g 私は町の公園に行きました。そして、（私は）子供と遊びました。watashi wa machi no kouen ni ikimashita. soshite,
(watashi wa ) kodomo to
asobimashita.
( I went to the city
park. And I played with
children.)
*machi=city,
*kodomo=child(ren)
[sorede それで]
the meaning--so, because of that, consequently
[sorede] is
used for explaining the cause of the
happening
e.g 私は風邪を引きました。それで、（私は）学校を休みました。watashi
wa kaze o hikimashita. sorede, (watashi wa) gakkoo o
yasumimahita.
( I catched a cold. So, I stayed away from
school)
*yasumu=to
rest, to be absent * kaze =cold (kaze o hiku=to catch a
cold)
[suruto する と] the meaning--then, at that
moment
[suruto] is used for showing a cause-effect
relation in the natural course of things
e.g
夜が来ました。すると、月が現れました。 yoru ga
kimashita. suruto, tsuki ga
araware-mashita.
( Night came. Just then the moon appeared
)
*tsuki=moon *
arawareru=to appear
[sorekara それから] the meaning-- then, and then, after
that
[sorekara] is used for expressing the sequence of
happenings.
e.g 私はスーパーに行きました。それから、家で料理を作りました。watashi
wa suupaa ni ikimashita. sorekara, uchi de ryoori o
tsukurimashita.
( I went to supermarket. After that, I cooked at
home)
Exercise 5 Please insert the
appropriate conjunction in the
blanks.
1,
watashi wa takusan tsumetai muzu o nomimashita. *tsumetai=cold(true adj.)
*mizu=water
( ), watashi wa onaka ga itai
desu,
*onfiltered=stomach *itai=painful(true adj.)
2, ame
ga
furimashita.
* ame=rain *furu=to fall
( ) kion ga
sagarimashita.
*kion=temperature *sagaru=to decrease
3, kare
wa kanojo to shokuji o
shimashita.
*shokuji=meal
( ) futari de disko ni
ikimashita.
*futari de=together
4, watashi wa heya no akari o
keshimashita.
*heya=room *akari=light * kesu=to put out
( ) watashi wa
nemashita.
*neru=to sleep
------------------------------