<Lesson-26>

In this lesson, you will learn conditional forms of verbs.

In the lesson-20, you learned the conditional form of adjectives and the copular verb "desu". 
The conditional forms of verbs are built in a similar way. Please refer to lesson-20.

For the conditional forms of verbs, there are three kinds of forms. These are as follows. 
(1) "-eba "form, (2)"-nara(ba)"form ( 3 ) "-tara/dara"form, 
I shall show you how to make conditional forms one by one.

1) "eba"form

I show you the exemplary conditional ( positive and negative) sentences using "eba" form.

<Positive condition with "eba" form >

あなたが行けば、私も行きたいです。 Anata ga ikeba, watashi mo ikitai desu. ( If you go, I want to go,too)  * iku= to go 
あなたが買えば、私も買います。Anata ga kaeba, watashi mo kaimasu. ( If you buy, I will buy,too) * kau= to buy 
あなたがテレビを見れば、私も見ます。Anata ga terebi o mireba. watashi mo mimasu.( If you watch T.V,  I will watch it ,too) *miru= to see ( Group-2 verbs) 
あなたが来れば、(私は)大変うれしいです。 Anata ga kureba, (watashi wa) taihen ureshii desu. ( If you come, I am so happy.) *kuru=to come 
私が料理をすれば、彼は手伝います。 Watashi ga ryouri o sureba, kare wa tetsudaimasu. ( If I cook food, he will help me.) *ryouri-suru=to cook *tetsudau=to help 
*For the positive "eba"form, final"u"of verbs is replaced by "eba"  (e.g  ik +eba, mir +eba,  kur +eba, sur +eba )

<Negative condition with "eba" form > ( Unless .....)

あなたが行かなければ、私も行きたくないです。 Anata ga ikanakereba, watashi mo ikitakunai desu. ( If you don't want to go, I  don't want to go  either) 
あなたが買わなければ、私も買いません。Anata ga kawanakereba, watashi mo kaimasen. ( If you don't buy, I won't buy it either) 
あなたがテレビを見なければ、私も見ません。Anata ga terebi o minakereba. watashi mo mimasen( If you don't watch T.V,  I won't watch it either) 
あなたが来なければ、(私は)大変寂しいです。 Anata ga konakereba, (watashi wa) taihen sabishii desu. ( If you don't come, I am so lonely.) *sabishii=lonely(true adj.) 
私が料理をしなければ、彼がします。Watashi ga ryouri o shinakereba. kare ga shimasu.  ( If I don't cook food, he will cook.) 
*To make the negative of the "eba" form, the verb root preceding "nai", below simply called "the pre-nai" root, 
  is followed by "nakereba" (e.g  ika + nakereba,  kawa + nakereba)

[ Important notes ] 
*If the subject in the main clause is different from that in the conditional clause, 
the subject of the conditional clause is followed by "ga". 
*If the subject in the conditional clause is the same as that in the main clause, 
the subject in the conditional clause is followed by "wa" 
<This rule applies also to negative conditional sentences>

Exercise 1, Please translate the following sentences into Japanese using the "eba" form.

e.g If you come to my home, you can see interesting videos at my home. 
     => anata ga uchi ni kureba, uchi de omoshiroi bideo o miru koto ga dekimasu. 
         あなたが家に来れば、家でおもしろいビデオを見ることができます。

     If you don't sit down there, I will sit down there. 
     => anata ga soko ni suwara-nakereba, watashi ga suwarimasu. 
　　あなたがそこに座らなければ、私が座ります。

1, If you eat this, you will come to feel fine. *to come to feel = become =になる  *fine=元気（げんき） (noun adj.)

2, If you don't eat this, you won't come to feel fine.

3, If you hurry to the station, you can get on the next train *to hurry=急ぐ（いそぐ）  *next=次ぎの（つぎの）

4, If you don't hurry to the station, you can't get on the next train.

5, If you read this book, I suppose you will know Japanese history   *history=歴史（れきし）

6, If you don't say anything , I don't say anything, either. *anything=なにも( with negative form of verb) 
 

2)"-nara(ba)"form 

I show you the exemplary conditional ( positive and negative) sentences using "nara(ba)" form. 
"ba" after "nara" is optional.

<Positive condition with "nara(ba) " form >

あなたが買うならば、私も買いたいです。 Anata ga kau-nara(ba), watashi mo kaitai desu. ( If you buy it, I also want to buy it.) 
あなたが来るならば、私は大変うれしいです。 Anata ga kuru-nara(ba). (watashi wa) taihen ureshii desu. ( If you come, I am so happy.) *kuru=to come 
日本語の本があるならば、私に貸してください。 Nihongo no hon ga aru-nara(ba), watashi ni kashite-kudasai (If you have Japanese books, please lend them to me.) 
*For the positive "nara(ba)" form, the infinitive form of  verb is followed by "naraba"

<Negative condition with "nara(ba) " form >

あなたが買わないならば、私も買いません。Anata ga kawanainara(ba), watashi mo kaimasen. ( If you don't buy, I won't buy it either) 
あなたがテレビを見ないならば、私も見ません。Anata ga terebi o minainara(ba). watashi mo mimasen( If you don't watch T.V,  I won't watch it either) 
あなたが来ないならば、(私は)大変寂しいです。 Anata ga konainara(ba), (watashi wa) taihen sabishii desu. ( If you don't come, I am so lonely.) 
*To make the negative of the "naraba" form, the PLAIN negative form of the verb is followed by "naraba" 
( e.g  kau=>kawanai +nara(ba),  miru=>minai +nara(ba),  kuru=>konai+nara(ba), ) 
  
Exercise 2. Please complete the following sentences using the conditional  "nara" form.

e.g  If you sell your car, ( watashi wa kaimasu. 私は 買います) 
　　==> あ なたがあなたの車を売るなら(ば)、私は買います。anata ga anata no kuruma o uru-nara(ba), watashi wa kaimasu. 
　　

1, If I  write a letter to her, ( kanojo mo tegami o kaku deshou　彼女も手紙を書くでしょう。) *letter= 手紙(てがみ）

2, If I don't exercise everyday , (watashi wa futorimasu.　私は太ります。) * to exercise=運動する(うんどうする) *太る= to put on weight

3, If you don't come here till 3 o'clock, ( watashi wa dekakemasu.　私は出かけます。) *to go out=でかける

4, If your job will finish early ,　( issho-ni kaimono ni ikimashou　いっしょに買い物に行きましょう。) *買い物に行く=to go shopping *いっしょに=together

5, If we leave our house before 7 o'clock, ( go-ji made ni tsuku kamoshiremasen　五時までに着くかもしれません。) *to leave (place)=(place) をでる *着く= to arrive

6, If I don't tell him about my secret, (kare wa sore o shiranai hazu-desu.　彼はそれを知らないはずです。) *to tell=言う  *secret ＝秘密(ひみつ) *知る= to know

3) "-tara/dara"form

I show you the exemplary conditional ( potitive and negative) sentences using "tara/dara" form.

<Positive condition with "tara/dara " form >

あなたが買ったら、私も買いたいです。 Anata ga katta-ra, watashi mo kaitai desu. ( If you buy it, I also want to buy it.) 
この薬を飲んだら、病気は治ります。Kono kusuri o nonda-ra, byooki wa naorimasu. ( If you drink this medicine, your sickness will be cured.) 
田中さんがここに来たら、これをあげてください。 Tanaka-san ga koko ni kita-ra, kore o agete-kudasai. ( If Mr.Tanaka come here, please give this to him.) 
*For the positive "tara/dara" form, add "ra" to the informal past form of the verb. ( e.g  "katta"= informal past form of "kau", "nonda"=informal past form of "nomu", "atta"=informal past form of "aru", "kita"= informal past form of "kuru")

<Negative condition with "tara" form >

あなたが買わなかったら、私も買いません。Anata ga kawa-nakattara, watashi mo kaimasen.. ( If you don't buy it, I don't buy it either) 
この薬を飲まなかったら、病気は治りません。Kono kusuri o noma-nakattara, byooki wa naorimasen. ( If you don't drink this medicine, your sickness won't be cured.) 
田中さんがここに来なかったら、私は寂しいです。 Tanaka-san ga koko ni ko-nakattara, (watashi wa) sabishii desu. ( If Mr. Tanaka doesn't come here, I am lonely.) 
*To make the negative of the "tara" form, the pre-nai form is followed by "nakattara" ( e.g  kawa + nakattara, noma + nakattara)

[ Important notes ] 
With conditional _expression using "tara/dara" form , the whole complex ( the sub -"tara/dara" clause and the main clause together) 
emphasizes the temporal sequence. Namely, after the first action ( in the sub "tara/dara" clause), the second action ( in the main clause) takes place sequentially.                                                                       Thus,  the "tara/dara" clause implies  "when" or "after" rather than "if". 
However, the above " nara(ba) "and "eba" expressions  emphasizes  the sub- "if " clause rather than the main clause.

<Examples> 
Nihongo no hon ga atta-ra, watashi ni kashite-kudasai (If you have Japanese books, please lend them to me.) 
* If "-- areba " or "-- arunara(ba)" instead of "--attara" are used, the condition that is "if you have-" is rather emphasized. 
Shigoto ga owatta-ra, watashi no heya ni kite-kudasai.(When you finish your job, please come to my room,)*owaru=to finish 
* If "-- owareba" or "--owarunaraba" instead of "owatta-ra" are used , the condition that is "if you finish--" is rather emphasized. 
Kanojo ga kitara ,tenisu o shimashoo. (  When she comes, let's play tennis ) 
* If "--kureba" or "--kurunara" is used instead of "kitara",  the sentence emphasizes the condition that is "if  she comes". 
 

Exercise 3, Please translate the following sentences into Japanese using the "tara/dara" form.

1, After you eat this, you will come to feel fine.

2, If he doesn't say anything, I can't do a job. *job=仕事（しごと）

3, When you get up in the morning,  please wash your face. * to get up=起きる(おきる) * to wash=洗う(あらう), *face=顔(かお)

4, After you read this book, I suppose you will know Japanese history.

5, If you don't hurry to the station, you can't get on the next train.

6, If he plays at the amusement park , I suppose he will be very joyful. *to play=遊ぶ(あそぶ)*amusement park=遊園地(ゆうえんち) *joyful=楽しい(たのしい)
  
  
<Conditional forms using "-to">

There is another conditional form of verbs. which use the suffix "to". "to" follows the infinitive forms of verbs only. 
In conditional sentences using  "to"in the conditinal clause, the speaker's intention should never be shown in the main clause. 
Thus, this complex is used to express a close cause-effect relation, as with natural phenomenon.

<Examples> ( Please click here to hear there sentences.) 

夏になると、ここは暑くなりま す。Natsu ni naru to, koko wa atsu-ku narimasu.(When summer comes, this place becomes hot.) 
雨が降ると、涼しく なります。Ame ga furu to, suzushi-ku narimasu. ( If there is rain,  it becomes cool.)

* If the main clause is in the past form. it shows (1)surprise or (2)customs/ habits in the past.

<Examples> 
(1) 家に帰ると、誰もいませんでした。Uchi ni kaeru to, dare mo imasen-deshita. <SURPRISE> 
      ( When I came back home, I found nobody was at home.) 
(2) 朝になると、スズメの声が大変うるさかった。Asa ni naru to, suzume no koe ga taihen urusa-katta  <  CUSTOMS > 
      ( When it became morning,  the sound of the swallows  used to be very noisy.)

Exercise 4, Please rearrange the word order to give a proper translation of the English.

1, 雨,  と, が, 寒く, なる, 降る 　 
   ( If the rain falls, it gets cold.)

2, が,  終わる, パーティー,  音楽,  止まる,  と,  は 
   ( When the party is over, the music will stop.)

3, 食べる,  と,  痛かった, いつも,  これ, を,  はら, が　 *はら=stomach 
   ( When I ate this, I had always a stomach-ache)

4, と, 　あさ, もう, 十時,  起きる, でした 
   ( When I  woke up in the morning, it was already 10 o'clock)

5, 来る, が,  なる,  雨期,  六月,  と, に, *雨期（うき）=rainy season 
   ( When June comes, it becomes the rainy season)

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