< Lesson 2 >
In this lesson, you will learn demonstratives such as "kore/sore/are" and some interrogative words.
Please read well and send me your answers of exercises (if possible) using Japanese letters.
A, Demonstrative pronouns ( Kore, Sore, Are )
Please read exemplary sentences. <You can click here to hear these conversations>
1, Q Kore wa anata no hon
desu ka .( Is this your book ?)
これは あなたの本(ほん)ですか。
A, Hai, sou desu. Kore wa
watashi no hon desu. ( Yes.quite so,
This is my book.)
はい、そうです。 これは わたしの本です。
2, Q, Sore wa anata no kaban
desu ka ( Is that your bag ? )
それは あなたのかばんですか。
A, Hai, sou desu. Kore
wa watashi no kaban desu. ( Yes.quite
so, This is my bag.)
はい、そうです。 これは わたしのかばんです。
3. Q,Are wa anata no ie desu ka .(
Is that your house ? )
あれは あなたの家(いえ)ですか。
A, Hai, sou desu. Are
wa watashi no ie desu. ( Yes.quite so,
That is my house.)
はい、そうです。 あれは わたしの家です。
( * sou desu= quite so or that is right )
< Grammatical notes >
1, "Kore（これ）"
means " this one ". "Sore（それ） "
"Are（あれ） "
means " that one"
When you use those
demonstrative words, please note the following point.
If
the object exists close to you ,
you refer to the object by "kore(これ） "
If the
object exists close to the listener ,
you refer to the object by "Sore（それ）"
If the
object exists far from you and listener, you
refer to the object by "Are（あれ）"
2, If you want to specify the object
as "this book ", "that house ", you say
Kono+(
object ), Sono+(object )
, Ano+(object)
Example: Kono Hon ( this book), Sono Hito ( that person) , Ano Kuni ( that country )
*Please apply the above rule when you say "kono-- , Sono--, Ano--" style, too.
3, If the object is plural, you can use the following words.
"kore"=> "korera"（これら） e.g korera wa watashi no desu.( These are mine.)Let's do some exercises now.
<Exercise 1> Please make Japanese sentences as in the following example
Example
Is this your watch
? =>これは あなたのとけいですか。 Kore
wa anata no tokei desu ka. ( watch= Tokei )
1) positive answer => はい、そうです。これは私のとけいです。 Hai. sou desu. Kore wa watashi no tokei desu.
2) negative answer=> いいえ。これは私のとけいではあ
りませ ん。 Iie. Kore
wa watshi no tokei dewaarimasen.
1, Is this your father's car ? ( father=otou-san=おとうさん)
*Please see topic at the end of the lesson.
1) positive
answer ---
2) negative
answer ---
2, Is this person your friend ?
1) positive
answer ---
2) negative
answer ---
3, Are those Japanese dictionaries yours ? ( yours =
anatano＝あなたの )
( the dictionaries
are close to the person to answer )
1) positive answer
---
2) negative
answer ---
4, Is that camera your camera ? ( camera= kamera＝カメラ )
( the camera is far
from you and the person to answer )
1) positive answer
---
2) negative answer
---
5, Is that photo your family ? ( photo =
shashin＝しゃしん＝写真)
( the photo is
close to the person to answer )
1) positive
answer ---
2) negative answer
---
B, Demonstrative of location ( Koko, Soko, Asoko )
Please read exemplary sentences. (You can click here to hear this conversation.)
ここは あなたの家ですか。Koko wa
anata no ie desu ka. ( Is this place your
home?)
い
いえ、わたしの家は あそこです。 Iie, watashi no ie wa asoko desu.(
No,my home is that place)
< Grammatical notes
>
*"koko" means "this place " . "soko " and "asoko "
means "that place ".
* In conversation, if the place or building is a
little far from the both persons , they can use "soko" to refer
to that.
If the place or building is far
from them, they can use "asoko" to refer to the place they
are talking about.
<Exercise 2>Please fill in the demonstrative word for location into the blank as in the example.
C, Interrogatives ( Nani, Doko, Dare )
"Nani（なに）" means "What".
"Doko（どこ）" means "Where"
"Dare（だれ）" means "Who"
* "Dochira（ど
ちら）" in stead of "Doko" is used as a polite
expression
* "Donata （ど
なた）" in stead of "Dare" is used as a polite
expression.
Basic question sentence structure using these interrogatives is as follows
*(Subject,topic) wa nan desuka ?
example こ
れは なんですか。 ( What is this ? )
*(subject,topic) wa doko/dochira desuka ?
example. こ
こは どこ（or どちら) ですか。( Where is this place? )
*(subject,topic)wa dare/donata desu ka
example あ
なたは だれ (or どなた) で すか。 ( Who are you ? )
* Say "nan " instead of "nani " before " desu". Don't say "nani desu ka "
Now, how do you answer these questions ? That is easy!.
Just replace the interrogative word by the word
for the answer .
examples:
Q: これはなんですか。Kore wa nan desu
ka
A:(つくえ = table)-->これは机 （つくえ）です。 Kore wa Tsukue desu.
Q:ここはどこですか。Koko wa doko desu
ka
A:(ぎんこう= bank)-->ここは銀行 （ぎんこう）です。 Koko wa Ginkou desu.
Q: ななたはどなたですか。Anata wa donata desu
ka-
A: (やまだ)-->私はやまだです。 Watashi wa Yamada desu.
Example:
Q ( kore, desu ,ka ,
wa, nan ) ---- これは何ですか。Kore
wa nan desu ka
A ( desu, wa, watashi, Kaban , no, kore ) ----こ れは私のかばんです。Kore wa watashi no kaban
desu.
1, Q ( anata , nan,
shigoto, desu, wa, no, ka )----
A ( watashi , desu, shigoto,
sensei, no , wa ) ---
*
shigoto =job, work * sensei=teacher
2, Q ( doko, kaisha,
wa, anata, desu,ka, no)----
A ( kaisha , desu, soko,
wa, watashi, no)----
* kaisha= company, firm
3, Q ( kono , desu, wa, ka,
shashin ,dare )---
A ( desu, wa, shashin, watashi
,tsuma ,no , kono)--
* shashin=picture, photo, *tsuma = wife
4, Q ( shumi , no, anata
,wa, ka, nan , desu )---
A( wa, shumi, desu, no,
watashi , karaoke)---
* shumi= hobby
5, Q ( anata , ka, wa,
iriguchi, no, ie, no, doko, desu)--
A ( desu,wa, watashi,
iriguchi, no,no, ie, koko )--
* iriguchi= entrance , ie=house
6, Q( sono,
eiga, kantoku,no ,desu, ka, wa, dare)--
A ( wa, desu,kantoku, eiga,
no, sono, Kurosawa )--
* eiga=movie *kantoku=director
D, How to make proper question sentence.
Please read the following sentences. (You can click here to hear these sentences.)
1, ここはわたしの 家です。Koko wa watashi no ie desu. If
the underlined words of the above 3 sentences are answers for
questions,
how do you make proper questions for each sentence
? Here are the answers.
1 (Answer) Koko wa watashi no ie desu ここは私 の家です。 < This place is my house >
(Proper Question) Koko wa doko desu
ka ここはどこですか。 <Where is this place ?
>
2 (Answer) Koko wa watashi
no tomodachi no ie
desu. ここは私の友だちの家です。 <This place is my friend's
house>
( Proper Question) Koko
wa dare
no ie desu ka. ここはだ
れの家ですか。 <Whose house is this place?>
3 (Answer) Watashi no ie wa koko desu.
私の家はここです。 < My house is here/this palce
>
(Proper Question) Anata no ie wa doko desu
ka ? あなたの家はどこですか。< Where is your house
? >
Example
Answer : これはでんわです。Kore wa denwa desu *でんわ=telephone
Proper Question: これはなんですか。Kore wa nan desu ka.
1, Answer: わたしの名前は トムです。Watashi no namae wa Tom desu.( My name is Tom) *名前＝なまえ =================================================================================
<TOPIC>
How to say "father", "mother" in Japanese
(mother)
my
mother-- watashi no haha＝わたしの はは (母）
your
mother--anata no okaa-san＝あなたの おかあさん （お母さん）
his
mother--kare no okaa-san＝かれの おかあさん （お母さん）
(older brother)
my older
brother--watashi no ani ＝わたしの あに（兄）
your older
brother--anata no onii-san＝あなたの おにいさん （お兄さん）
her older
brother--kanojo no onii-san＝かのじょの おにいさん （お兄さん）
(younger brother)
my younger
brother--watashi no otouto=わたしの おとうと（弟）
your
younger brother--anata no otouto-san＝あなたの おとうとさん （弟さん）
his
younger brother--kare no otouto-san ＝かれの おとうとさん （弟さん）
(older sister)
my older
sister--watashi no ane＝わたしの あね（姉）
your older
sister--anata no onee-san＝あなたの おねえさん （お姉さん）
Mr.Mori's
older sister--Mori-san no onee-san＝もりさんの おねえさん（お姉さん）
(younger sister)
my younger
sister--watashi no imouto ＝わたしの いもうと（妹）
your
younger sister--anata no imouto-san＝あなたの いもうとさん（妹さん）
Mr.Ito's
younger sister-Ito-san no imouto-san ＝いとうさんの いもうとさん（妹さん）