<Lesson-32>
In this lesson,
we will study (1) temporal clause formed with conjunction such
as "toki" and "aida"
(2) locative clause formed with the conjunction "tokoro".
A, Temporal clause using "toki (when)"
To form temporal
clauses, the conjunction "toki" can follow informal tense forms
of verbs and adjectives etc.
Let's see the sample sentences.
1, "とき（TOKI）" connecting with a
noun or copular verb
<Examples>
*Benkyoo no toki, watashi wa itsumo rajio o kikimasu.*
いつも= always
勉強のとき、私はいつもラジオを聞きます。
( When I study, I always listen to the radio.)
*Watashi wa kodomo datta
toki, benkyoo ga suki deshita.
私は子どもだったとき、勉強がすきでした。
(When I was a child, I liked study.)
<Notes>
* When a noun
connect with "toki", the particle "no" must be
placed immediately after a noun.
( This rule can also apply to connecting with
"aida" you will learn later.)
* When the copular
verb "desu"precedes "toki", informal tense forms
"da/dewanai/datta/dewanakatta.
But, "da" must be replaced by "no" to connect with
"toki"
( This rule can also apply to connecting with
"aida" you will learn later.)
e.g
Watashi wa 25-sai no toki, kekkon-shimasu. ( When I am
25 years old, I will marry .)
*"toki" can also
make phrases with "kono/sono/ano" such as "sono toki"(at that
time).
e.g Ano toki, watashi wa waka-katta. (At that time, I
was young.)
* Even if the tense
in subordinate clause with "toki" is present form, the tense in
main clause can be past form.
This rule applies also to connecting with
adjectives which are to be studied below . .
e.g
Watashi wa kodomo no toki, benkyoo ga suki deshita. (When I was a
child, I liked study)
2, "とき（TOKI）" connecting with adjectives
<Examples>
*Chichi wa genki
na toki, yoku shigoto o shimasu
父は元気なとき、よく仕事をします。
(When my father is well, he works hard.)
*Chichi wa genki datta
toki, yoku shigoto o shimashita
父が元気だったとき、よく仕事をしました。
(When my father was well, he worked hard.)
*Kutsu ga yasui toki,
watashi wa ( kutsu o ) kaimasu.
くつが安いとき、私はくつを買います。
(When shoes are cheap, I buy shoes.)
*Kutsu ga yasukatta toki,
watashi wa ( kutsu o ) kaimashita.
くつが安かったとき、私はくつを買いました。
(When shoes were cheap, I bought shoes,)
<Notes>
*Informal tense
forms of noun/true adjectives must be placed immediately before
"toki".
But, "da"( informal positive/present form of noun
adjectives) is replaced by "NA" to connect with"toki" as in the
above sentence.
( This rule can also apply to connecting with "aida" you
will learn later.)
* If the subject in
the subordinate clause is different from that in the main
clause, the subject in the subordinate clause is followed
by "ga" If it's the same , the subject in
subordinate clause can also be followed by "wa".
This rule applies also to clauses with
"aida" and "tokoro" which are to be studied below.
Exercise 1, Please insert proper Japanese phrases with "toki" in brackets.
e.g When you were
10 years old, I was 15 years old.
=>( anata ga jussai no toki,) watshi
wa juugo-sai deshita.
1, When I was a
student , I saw this movie.
=>(
), この映画を見ました。
2, When the price of stocks was high, I sold my stocks)
*price=値段（ねだん）, *stock=株（かぶ）
=>
(
), 私は株（かぶ）を売りました。
3, When I want to eat something , I cook food by myself
*something=何か
=>(
), ひとりで食べ物を料理します。
4, When my father was busy, I helped him. *busy=忙しい（いそがしい）
=>(
), 私は父を手伝いました。
5, When he was sick, I gave him medicine. *sick=病気（びょうき）
=>(
), 私は彼に薬をあげました。
6, At the meeting, I proposed a new plan. *meeting=会議（かいぎ） *to
propose=提案（ていあん）する *plan=計画（けいかく）
=>(
) 私は新しい計画（けいかく）を提案（ていあん）しました。
3, "とき（TOKI）"connecting with
verbs
<Examples>
*Neru toki ni, denki o keshimasu. *電気=electricity
寝るとき、電気（でんき）を消します。
( When I go to bed, I turn off the light.)
*Shokuji o shite-iru toki,
terebi o mimasu. *
食事をする=take a meal
食事をしているとき、テレビを見ます。
( When I am eating, I watch T.V)
*Gakkoo ni ikanai
toki(wa), watashi wa umi ni ikimasu. *海=sea
学校に行かないとき（は）、私は海に行きます。
( When I don't go to school. I go to the sea.)
*Nihon ni
hajimete itta
toki kara, kare o shitteimasu. *初めて=for the
first time
日本に初めて行ったときから、彼を知っています。
( I know him since I first went to Japan. )
<Notes>
*Informal tense
forms of verbs must be placed immediately before "toki".
*"toki" can be
followed by "wa","ni(wa)","kara"and "made"such as "toki ni(wa)",
"toki kara","toki made"
Exercise 2, Please insert proper
Japanese clauses with "toki" in brackets.
e.g When I
bought this camera, it was very expensive
( watashi ga kono kamera o katta
toki) taihen takakatta desu.
1, When I was
studying in the university , I studied Japanese.
*university=大学（だいがく）
(
) 私は日本語を勉強しました。
2, When I speak English. I have Japanese accent.
*accent=訛り（なまり）
(
), 日本語のなまりがあります。
3, When I am not at home, please answer the phone.
(
), 電話（でんわ）に答えてください。
4, When people are sleeping, please be quiet.
(
), 静かにしてください。
5, ,I love her since I first met her..
(
), 私は彼女を愛（あい）しています。
B, Temporal clause using
"aida"
The temporal
conjunction "aida"means "during" or "while".
"aida" can put immediately after informal tense forms of verbs
and adjectives or after nouns and thus form temporal clause.
1, "あいだ（に）AIDA (ni)" connecting with a noun or copular verb
<Examples>
*Yasumi no aida (ni),shukudai o shimashita *yasumi=holiday,break.
*homework=shukudai
休みの間（に）、宿題をしました。
( I did my homework during a break.)
*Shigoto no
aida(ni), tsuma ga kaisha ni kimashita.
仕事の間（に）、妻が会社に来ました。
( While I was at work, my wife came to my office)
2, "あいだ（に）AIDA (ni)" connecting
with adjectives
<Examples>
*Suzushii aida ni, dekake-mashoo.*涼しい=cool
*でかける=to go out
涼しい間（に）、出かけましょう。
( Let's go out while it's cool.)
*Kore wa shinsen na
aida ni, tabete-kudasai. *新鮮（しんせ
ん）=flesh
これは新鮮な間（に）、食べてください。
( Please eat this while it's fresh.)
Exercise 3, Please translate the following sentences using "aida".
e.g While the
price is cheap. I will buy it.
＝値段（ねだん）が安い間に、私はそれを買います。
1, During my
shopping ( While I was shopping ) , my guest came to my home.
*shopping=買い物
2, Please eat the noodles while they are hot, . *noodle=そば
3, While business was good, I spent a lot of money *to
spend=使う
4, During the repair of my computer, I couldn't get any e-mail.
*repair=修理（しゅうり）
3, "あいだ（に）AIDA (ni)" connecting with verbs.
<Examples>
*Watashi wa densha o matsu
aida, hon o yomimasu,
私は電車を待つ間、本を読みます。
( While I wait for a train coming, I read a book.)
*Kodomo ga inai aida,heya o
souji-shimashita. *souji-suru=to clean up)
子供がいない間、部屋をそうじしました。
( While my child was not at home,I clearned up rooms) *"inai" is
negative form of "iru"
*Nete-iru
aida ni,
jishin ga arimashita.*jishin=earthquake
寝ている間に、地震（じしん）がありました。
( While I was sleeping, there was an earthquake.)
*Informal tense forms of verbs must be placed immediately before "aida".
Exercise 4, Please translate the following sentences using "aida".
e.g While he was
working, I was sleeping.
彼が働いていた間、私は眠っていました。
1, While I was
watching T.V, my friend came to my home.
2, While I am flying in the plane, I can't sleep.
3, While the rain doesn't fall, I dry up clothes *to dry
up=乾（かわ）かす
4, While you are (in) abroad, I will stay at home. *abroad=海外
C, Locative clause using
"tokoro"
The locative
conjunction "tokoro" means "place"or "where" .
"tokoro"can be placed immediately after informal tense forms of
verbs, adjectives, thus forming locative clauses.
"tokoro" can be followed by the particle "ni","kara","made"and
"e" etc.
Let's see example sentences. ( Please click HERE to hear these sentences below.)
*Anata ga ima
sunde-iru tokoro wa
doko desu ka.
あなたが今住んでいるところはどこですか。
( Where is the place where you are living now?)
*Anata ga
umareta tokoro ni ikitai
desu. *umareta=informal
past form of "umareru"
あなたが生まれたところに行きたいです。
( I want to go to the place where you were born.)
*Kare ga
matte-iru tokoro made iki-mashoo.
彼が待っているところまで行きましょう。
( Let's go as far as the place where he is waiting.)
*Watashi ga
hataraku tokoro o
shitte-imasu ka.
私が働くところを知っていますか。
( Do you know where I work?)
*Watashi wa yuki ga ooi
tokoro ni
sunde-imasu. *
雪=snow *多い=many. much
私は雪が多いところに住んでいます。
( I live in a place where there is a lot of snow)
Exercise 5 Please translate the following sentences using "tokoro"
1,Where is the place he went yesterday ?
2,The place where children can play is that park. *to play=遊ぶ
3, Please tell me (the place) where I can see sun rising. *sun rising=日の出
4, Let's go to a place where you like.
5, My house is near the place where you are staying.*near=近い
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