<Lesson-35>
Informal
tense form of verbs and adjectives can be followed by varous
adjuncts which make various kinds of expressions.
In this lesson, you will learn some important adjuncts such as
"you desu","sou desu"."hou ga ii desu" and "tokoro desu" which
follow informal tense form of verbs.
A, Hearsay adjuncts "sou desu/da" ( I heard ..)
This
adjunct has already been seen in lesson-21 which illustrates how
to form "hearsay" and "appearance" sentences with informal tense
forms of adjectives.
In this lesson, you learn how to form sentences with informal
tense form of verbs. Please note "sou desu"
has the meaning of "hearsay" only when it follows
informal tense forms of verbs,
Let's see some examples
明日は雨が
ふるそうです。Ashita ame ga furu sou desu.
( I heard it will be raining tomorrow.)
田中さんは明日、会社に来ないそうです。Tanaka-san wa ashita kaisha ni konai sou
desu.
( I heard that Mr.Tanaka will not come to the office tomorrow.)
伊藤さんは新しい車を買ったそうです。Ito-san wa atarashii kuruma o katta sou
desu.
( I heard Mr.Ito bought a new car.)
* The
adjunct "sou desu"with this meaning "I heard" can also follow
the informal tense form of adjectives you learned in lesson-21.
* If the speaker adds the sentence final particle "ne" after
"soo desu" (soo desu ne), the speaker intends to confirm what he
heard .
So, the listener can answer whether it's true or
not.
Exercise 1. Please compose Japanese conversations as in the example.
e.g
A, ( I heard) you bought a new car.
=> あなたは新しい車を買ったそうですね。（anata wa atarashii kuruma o katta sou
desu ne.）
B, Yes, that's right. I bought a new car.
=>はい、そう（or ほんとう）です。新しい車を買いました。 hai, sou( or hontou) desu.
atarashii kuruma o kaimashita *hontou=true.
1
A, ( I heard) your son got married yesterday. *to
marry=結婚（けっこん）する
B, Yes, my son got married yesterday.
2
A, ( I heard) you are going to go to Japan next year. *next
year=来年（らいねん）
B, Yes, that's right. I am going
to Japan next year.
3
A, ( I heard) this summer will become hot. *summer=夏（なつ） * to
become adj.=-くなる
B, No, I don't know whether it
will become hot or not.
4
A, ( I heard) many earthquake occur in Japan.
*earthquake=地震（じしん） *to occur=起きる
B, Yes, it's true. Many
earthquake occur in Japan.
B, Adjuncts expressing guessing "you
desu/da" ( I guess../ It seems
...)
This adjunct has also been seen in lesson-21 for
expressing guessing after the informal tense form of
adjectives.
"you desu" can also follow informal tense form of verbs and thus
give expressions of guessing .
Let's see examples.
明日、雪が
降るようだ。Ashita yuki ga furu you da.
( I guess there will be snow tomorrow.)
上田さんは今日、家に帰らないようです。Ueda-san wa kyoo uchi ni kaeranai you
desu.
( I guess Mr.Ueda is not returning home today.)
今日、英語の試験があるようです。Kyou eigo no shiken ga aru you desu.
( I guess there is an English test today.)
* "you desu"can be placed immediately after informal tense form of verbs and thus form expressions expressing guessing.
< Rashii desu/Mitai desu >
You have
learned another guessing/appearance adjuncts which are "rashii
(desu)" and "mitai (desu)"in lesson-21.
These adjuncts can also follow informal tense form of verbs as
well as "yoo desu".
e.g
明日、雪が降るらしいです。 Ashita yuki ga furu rashii
desu. ( It looks like snow tomorrow.)
今日、英語の試験があったらしいです。Kyou eigo no
shiken ga atta rashii desu. ( It
seems that there was an English test today.)
Exercise 2. Please give Japanese conversation as in the example.
e.g
A, It seems that there are many earthquake in Japan ( らしいですね)
=>日本はたくさん地震があるらしいですね。nihon wa takusan jishin ga aru rashii
desu ne.
B, Yes, it's true. There are many earthquake
=>はい、ほんとうです。たくさん地震があります。 hai, hontou desu. takusan jishin
ga arimasu.
1
A, I guess he will sell his house and buy a new house.( ようですね)
B, I am not sure. I don't know whether
he wants to do it or not. * I am (not) sure =確（たし）かです。( ではありません)
2
A, It seems that Mr.Goto live in Tokyo ( らしいですね)
B, I don't know whether Mr.Goto live in Tokyo
or not.
3
A, It seems that you don't know he is a child ( みたいですね)
*child=こども
B, No, I don't know ( the fact that ) he is a
child.
4
A, I guess he can't speak English. ( ようですね)
B, Yes, it's true. He can't speak
English.
5, A, It
seems that your business is going well. ( みたいですね) *well=うまく
B, Yes, my business is going well.
C, Proposal adjuncts "hou ga ii desu" ( It is better to do..)
"hou ga
ii (desu)" is used when the speaker makes any suggestion or
proposal to do (or not to do) some actions.
This adjunct can follow informal tense form of verbs to form
proposal sentences.
"hou" means "side"or "aspect".
I shall show you some examples.( Please click HERE to hear these sentences below.)
<Positive
proposal> informal
positive past tense form of verbs +
"hou ga ii (desu)"
傘を持ったほうがいいです。Kasa o motta hou ga ii desu.
( It is better to have an umbrella.) *kasa=umbrella
*motta=informal past form of "motsu"
今夜は寝たほうがいいです。Konya wa neta hou ga ii desu.
( It is better to sleep tonight.)
*neta=informal past form of "neru"
<Negative
proposal> informal negative
present form of verbs +"hou ga ii
(desu)"
この本は読まないほうがいいです。Kono hon wa yomanai hou ga ii desu.
(It is better not to read this book.)
あのテレビ番組は見ないほうがいい。Ano terebi bangumi wa minai hou ga ii .
(It is better not to see that T.V program.) *bangumi=program
Exercise 3 Please translate the following sentences into Japanese as in the example.
e.g
It's better to use this dictionary because it's useful.
=>この辞書は便利だから、（この辞書を）
kono jisho wa benri da kara, (kono jisho o) tsukatta hou ga
ii desu yo.
1, It is
better to call him now because he is looking for you. *to
call=電話をかける *to look for=捜す（さがす）
2, It is better to go to see this movie because it is
interesting.
3, It is better to take a medicine because you have a fever.
*medicine=薬（くすり） *fever=熱（ねつ）
4, It is better not to buy these clothes because they are
expensive.
5, It is better not to get on this train because it doesn't go
to Ueno-station.
D, Approximation adjunct "tokoro desu" ( be about to do/ have just done/be in progress)
You have
already learned "tokoro" as a locative conjuction which means
"place". ( lesson-31)
"tokoro desu" is an adjunct which can be placed at the end of a
sentence following informal tense form of verbs.
The sentence then means "be about to do.." or " have just
done.."or "be in progress" depending on the form of verbs.
Let's see these three kinds of sentences.
< be about to do> informal
positive present tense form of verbs + "tokoro desu"
私は今、家をでるところです。 Watashi wa ima uchi o deru tokoro desu.
( I am about to leave home now.)
私たちは食事をするところです。Watashi-tachi wa shokuji o suru tokoro desu.
( We are about to have a meal.)
<have just done> informal
positive past tense form of verbs + "tokoro desu"
私たちは今、食事をしたところです。Watashi-tachi wa ima shokuji o shita tokoro
desu.
( We have just had a meal now.)
私は今、家に帰ったところです。Watashi wa ima uchi ni kaetta tokoro desu.
( I have just come back home now,)
<be in progress> informal
positive progressive form "participle + iru" + "tokoro desu"
私は今、食事をしているところです。 Watashi wa ima shokuji o shite-iru tokoro
desu.
( I am now having a meal .)
私は今、テレビを見ているところです。 Watashi wa ima terebi o mite-iru tokoro
desu.
( I am now watching T.V.)
* Please note this adjunct can follow only positive form of verbs.
Exercise 4 Please make proper Japanese sentences according to the situation of actions shown in brackets.
e.g
私はレストランに入ります。Watashi wa resutoran ni hairimasu.
( be about to do)
私はレストランに入るところです。 Watashi wa resutoran ni hairu tokoro desu.
( be doing)
私はレストランに入っているところです。 Watashi wa resutoran ni haitte-iru tokoro
desu.
( have just
done)私はレストランに入ったところです。 Watashi wa resutoran ni haitta tokoro
desu.
1,
私は車を運転します。 Watashi wa kuruma o unten shimasu.
( be about to do)
( be doing)
( have just done)
2,
私は新聞を読みます。Watashi wa shinbun o yomimasu.
( be about to do)
( be doing)
( have just done)
3,
あなたは上田さんと会いますか。 Anata wa Ueda-san to aimasu ka.
( be about to do)
( be doing)
( have just done)
4,
私は誕生日カードを友達に書きます。 Watashi wa tanjoubi-kaado o tomodachi ni
kakimasu. *tanjoubi-kaado=birthday card
( be about to do)
( be doing)
( have just done)
5,
にわか雨が降ります。Niwaka-ame ga furimasu. *niwaka-ame=shower
( be about to do)
( be doing)
( have just done)
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