<Lesson 6>
In this lesson, you will practice other expressions
of "arimasu" and "imasu"
and learn some Japanese counting systems.
A, Spacial location _expression ( --は ---の---にあります)
In
the last lesson, you learned some location nouns to indicate the
location of animate and inanimate objects.
Now, let's practice expressions that show location using these
words.
For example, look at the following two conversations. ( Please click here to listen to these conversations )
A, 日本はどこにありますか。 (
Where is Japan situated ?)
B, アジアの東(ひがし)にあります。 (
Japan is in the east of Asia )
* 東=east , 西(にし) =west,
南(みなみ)=south, 北(きた)=north
* You can omit the topic ( Nihon) of this conversation in the
answer.
A. 伊
藤さんはいまどこに いますか。 ( Where
is Mr. Ito now ?)
B, (伊藤さんはいま)事務所(じむしょ)の
中にいます。( Mr Ito is in the
office)
*いま=now, *事務所=office
The formula "(topic/subject) wa (place) ni arimasu(imasu) " is the basic expression to show location of animate and an inanimate objects.
*These expressions don't need to use the
particle"ga"to indicate subject.
Because these expressions are not talking about what there
is, but talking about where it is.
Exercise 1, Please express the place location using location nouns as in the example.
example:
Q,
フランスはどこにありますか。 ( in Europe )
A, フランスはヨーロッパにあります。
1,
Q, ブラジルはどこにありますか。( in the north of Argentina) * Argentina=アルゼンチン
A,
2, Q, 九州(きゅうしゅう)はどこにありますか。( in the west of Japan)
A.
3, Q, 東京銀行(とうきょうぎんこう)はどこにありますか。( near Tokyo-station) *
station=駅(えき)
A,
4, Q, あなたの会社はどこにありますか。 ( next to library) * library=図書館(としょかん)
A.
5, Q, 私のめがねはどこにありますか。 ( on that table) * めがね=glasses
A,
6, Q, あなたの猫(ねこ)はいまどこにいますか。 ( under my car)
A,
7, Q, この犬(いぬ)の親(おや)はどこにいますか。( to the left of this dog ) * 親(おや)=
parents
A,
8, Q, 大きい病院(びょういん)はどこにありますか。( on the other side of that pharmacy)
*pharmacy=薬局(やっきょく)
A,
9, Q, ちゅうしゃじょうはどこにありますか。 ( behind this building)
*ちゅうしゃじょう=parking
A,
B, Numerical Systems
There
are two kinds of numeral systems in Japanese.
The first set of numerals is the Japanese
system which runs only
from 1 to 10.
The second set of numerals is the Chinese
system which can be used for
all numbers.
Numerical systems and examples
| Japanese system | Chinese system | Chinese system | Chinese system | Chinese system |
|
1, 一つ(ひとつ)
|
1, 一(いち) | 11, 十一(じゅういち) | 21, 二十一(にじゅういち) | 111, 百十一(ひゃくじゅういち) |
|
2, 二つ(ふたつ)
|
2, 二(に) | 12, 十二(じゅうに) | 22, 二十二(にじゅうに) | 200, 二百(にひゃく) |
|
3, 三つ(みっつ)
|
3, 三(さん) | 13, 十三(じゅうさん) | 23, 二十三(にじゅうさん) | 300, 三百(さんびゃく) |
|
4, 四つ(よっつ)
|
4, 四(し・よん) | 14, 十四(じゅうよん・じゅう し) | 30, 三十(さんじゅう) | 320, 三百二十(さんびゃくにじゅう) |
|
5, 五つ(いつつ)
|
5, 五(ご) | 15, 十五(じゅうご) | 40, 四十(よんじゅう) | 522, 五百二十二(ごひゃくにじゅうに) |
|
6, 六つ(むっつ)
|
6, 六(ろく) | 16, 十六(じゅうろく) | 50, 五十(ごじゅう) | 1000, 千(せん)or 一千(いっせん) |
|
7, 七つ(ななつ)
|
7, 七(なな・しち) | 17,十七(じゅうなな・じゅうしち) | 100, 百(ひゃく) | 1001, 千一 (せんいち)or 一千一(いっせんいち) |
|
8, 八つ(やっつ)
|
8, 八(はち) | 18, 十八(じゅうはち) | 101, 百一(ひゃくいち) | 1010, 千十(せんじゅ う)or 一千十(いっせんじゅう) |
|
9. 九つ(ここのつ)
|
9, 九(きゅう*く) | 19, 十九(じゅうく・じゅう きゅう) | 102, 百二(ひゃくに) | 1111,千百十一(せんひゃくじゅういち)or 一千百十一(いっせんひゃくじゅういち) |
|
10, 十(とう)
|
10, 十(じゅう) | 20, 二十(にじゅう) | 110, 百十(ひゃくじゅう) | 2000, 二千(にせん) |
* When combining numbers, sound changes take place especially with the number 1,3,6,8.
<example>
300= not san-hyaku , but san-byaku 350=
さんびゃくごじゅう1307=せんさんびゃくなな
600= not roku-hyaku, but rop-pyaku
680=ろっぴゃくはちじゅう, 4600= よんせんろっぴゃく
800= not hachi-hyaku but hap-pyaku
810=はっぴゃくじゅう, 9804=きゅうせんはっぴゃくよん
3000= not san-sen, but san-zen 3800=
さんぜんはっぴゃく, 13300=いちまんさんぜんさんびゃく
8000 = not hachi-sen, but has-sen
8400=はっせんよんひゃく, 28500=にまんはっせんごひゃく
Exercise 2 Please express
the followig numbers in the Chinese system, as in the
examples.
example
57= ごじゅうなな=五十七
134= ひゃくさんじゅうよん=百三十四
2360=にせんさんびゃくろくじゅう=二千三百六十
Q1, 16=
Q6,
130=
Q11, 1990=
Q2, 34= Q7,
280=
Q12 2810=
Q3, 65= Q8,
371= Q13
3300=
Q4, 89= Q9,
894=
Q14 8540=
Q5, 42= Q10,
424= Q15 7829=
------------------------------
Q16,
12300=
Q21, 103500=
Q17,
23800=
Q22, 210800=
Q18
88040=
Q23, 360040=
Q19
51607=
Q24, 726000=
Q20
94023=
Q25, 458300=
------------------------------
C, Expressions of existence with numbers
Japanese
system ( hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu,--too) is very useful for
counting many kinds of small inanimate objects such as fruits,
vegetables, cake, tapes,and more..
(Chinese numerals requires the addition of classifiers appropriate
to the various types of objects in order to count them.
You will learn how to count people in Chinese system later in this
lesson)
e.g 1 apple =一つ(ひとつ)のりんご, 4 apples=四つ(よっつ)のりんご,
Now, you can express the existence of numbered objects
Let's look at some example .
Sentence 1 states existence of oranges without
telling how many there are.
Sentence 2,3 states existence of oranges and
also states how many there are.
Sentence 3 puts a slight emphasis on the
numbers of oranges.
Exercise 3 Please make Japanese sentence using Japanese counting system as in the example.
example: four eggs in the refrigerator (
refrigerator=reizouko)
==> れいぞうこの中によっつの卵(たまご)があります。
==> れいぞうこの中に卵がよっつあります。
1, five tomatos on the table *tomato=トマト
=>
=>
2, two new cameras in the bag *new =新しい(あたらしい )
=>
=>
3, six apples and one melon on the plate *melon=メロン,
*plate=皿(さら) *-and- = - と-
=>
=>
4, four cakes and three cups of coffees on the tray *cake=ケーキ,
*tray=盆(ぼん))
=>
=>
5, seven umbrellas in front of the entrance *umbrella= 傘(かさ)*,
entrance=入口(いりぐち)
=>
=>
D, Expressions for counting people
To count people, we use a
mixture of Japanese and Chinese systems.
Please now get used to the following expressions for a
number of people. ( Please
click here to
listen to them below. )
1, hitori (一
人) 2, futari (二人)
3, san-nin〈三人) 4, yo-nin (四人) 5, go-nin 〈五人)
6, roku-nin 〈六人) 7, shichi/nana-nin
〈七人〉 8, hachi-nin 〈八人)
9, kyuu/ku-nin 〈九人) 10, juu-nin 〈十人)
11, juu-ichi-nin 〈十一人) 12, juu-ni-nin(十二人)
20, ni-juu-nin(二十人) 21,
ni-juu-ichi-nin (二十一人) 30, san-juu-nin (三十人) 100,
hyaku-nin〈百人)
* To express 1 and 2 persons, Japanese system
"hitotsu" and "futatsu" are used with putting "-ri"
instead of "-tsu"
* To express more than 3 people, the Chinese
system is used with the suffix"-nin" which is our first
example of a classifier.
e.g two men = 二人(ふたり)の男(おとこ), five women= 五人(ごにん)の女(おんな)
Now, you can talk about numbers of people as we see in the following examples.
1, 私に/兄弟(きょうだい)が/ います。*The particle "ni" shows not only a place where something exists , but also a person who has or possesses something.
Sentence 1 mentions the existence of brothers
without saying how many brothers there are.
Sentence 2,3 mention the existence of
brothers stating how many brothers there are.
Sentence 3 places slight stress on the
numbers of brothers.
Exercise 4, Please make Japanese sentences with numbers of people, as in the example.
example
four friends in my home
=> 私の家に四人(よにん)のともだちがいます。
=> 私の家にともだちが四人います。
1, three children in Mr. Suzuki's family
*children=こどもたち
=>
=>
2, ten employees in my company *employee=従業員(じゅうぎょういん) )
=>
=>
3, one younger brother and two elder sisters to me. *younger
brother=弟(おとうと)*elder sister=姉(あね)
=>
=>
4, thirty five students in this classroom. *classroom=教室(きょうしつ)
=>
=>
5, six hundred members in this sports gym. *member=メンバー *gym=ジム
=>
=>
------------------------------