< Lesson-7 >

 A,  Classifiers used with the Chinese counting system (the second set of numerals)

  In the last lesson, you have learned the two kinds of counting system. 
   One was the Japanese system, with which one can count only from 1 to 10. However, this system is 
   is useful because you can count various relatively small objects with it  without adding classifiers. 
   The other was the Chinese system , with which one can count  any number of any objects. 
   But, when you count with this set of numerals, you must add a classifier after the number.  And, 
   they often have sound changes with preceding numbers or in themselves. 
 

 Let's see the following examples 
 ( Before you read on, I recommend that you refresh your memory on counting with the Chinese system )

< classifiers beginning with the consonant "H/P"> 

 A, Long cylindricals 
 Classifier:-pon/hon=>e.g enpitsu(pencil),bou(stick),ki(wood), bin(bottle),rousoku(candle)

B, Relatively small animals and insects and fish 
 Classifier:-piki/hiki=>e.g  inu(dog), saru(monkey). hae(fly), kani(crab)and more...

C, Cups of drinks 
 Classifier:-pai/hai=>e,g  a cup of coffee,tea / two glasses of wine

 * As you see, the above classifiers bring the sound changes in the numbers and classifiers 

   1) sound change in classifiers: 
     In classifier words beginning with "H ", this sound remains unchanged with preceding 2,4,5,7,9. 
      "H" changes to "P"when the classifier follows 1.6.8.10. "H"should be "B" only after 3 
  
   2) sound change in numbers 
      When they are combined with the classifiers which begin with "P" 
      The number 1,6,8,10 change to ip (1), rop(6), hap(8), jup(10) with glottal stop sound  (e.g ip-pon, rop-pai, hap-piki, jup-pon) 
      This sound change is applicable when these numbers are combined with the classifiers which begin with "K","S",and "T" which I show you below in this lesson. 
  
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  Exercise 1, Please change to Japanese as in example

   e,g  four cups of coffee => 四杯のコーヒー / コーヒー四杯

   1, two cups of tea => 
    2, five fish *fish=魚（さかな）=> 
    3, one frog *frog=カエル=> 
    4, three pens => 
    5, eight cups of milk=> 
    6, ten ants *ant=あり=> 
    7, nine woods=>  
    8, two cats and six dogs=> 
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 Let's see other classifiers.

 < samples of classifiers beginning with the consonant "K"> 

 D,  floors < classifier: kai>  漢 字＝階

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 Exercise 2, Please translate into Japanese ,as in the example.

  e.g.  one beautiful house= 一軒の美しい家（いっけんのうつくしいいえ）

 1, my two socks *socks=くつした= 
 2, a child  4 years old = 
 3, five old books *old=古い（ふるい）= 
 4, seven new apples *apple=りんご= 
 5, a  small company on the eighth floor= 
 6, three famous restaurants *famous=有名（ゆ うめい）<noun adj.> 
 7, ten big whales *whale=くじら= 
 8, six  fresh eggs * fresh=新鮮（しん せん） <noun adj.> 
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 *The following classifiers involve no phonetic changes in either the classifier or the number word. 
  
 K, Flat objects(classifier:mai) e.g papers,  bills, C.D, photographs,picture 　漢字＝枚

 e.g There is one new computer here. 
      =>こ こに新しいコンピューター が一台あります。 Koko ni atarashii konpyuutaa ga ichi-dai arimasu. 
       (* This expression puts emphasis on the amount of object) 
      => ここに一台の新しいコンピュー ターがあります。Koko ni ichi-dai no atarashii konpyuutaa ga arimasu  
      .(* This expression puts emphasis on the object)

 1, There are three sheets of beautiful stamps here. (　stamp=kitte＝きって＝切手　) 
       (Emphasis on the stamps)=> 
       (Emphasis on the amount)=>

 2, There are five hundred Japanese Yen in my wallet (　wallet=saifu＝さいふ＝財布　) 
       (Emphasis on the Japanese yen)=> 
       (Emphasis on the amount)=> 
  
 3, There are seven rare fish in the lake.　(　rare=mezurashii　) ( lake=ike＝池　) 
       (Emphasis on the rare fishes)=> 
       (Emphasis on the amount)=> 
  
 4, There are two expensive cars over there. 
       (Emphasis on the expensive car)=> 
       (Emphasis on the amount)=> 
  
　5, There are four pictures of Japan in my home.(　picture=e＝絵 ) 
       (Emphasis on the pictures of Japan)=> 
       (Emphasis on the amount)=> 
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  B,  Expressions asking for a quantity < nan + biki, bon, satsu,sai...> < ikutsu>

 When you ask questions about the quantity or amount of any item you can use the interrogative word "nan (what)"followed by the appropriate classifier for that item  
 or the interrogative word "ikutsu" which can be used  for various kinds of  objects and for age, but not for animate object. 

( Please click here to listen to these conversations )

      * For example , "How many apples are there ? ---> Answer: There are 8 apples. 
        sample 1,  Ringo wa nan-ko arimasu ka.? -> Answer: (ringo wa) hak-ko arimasu. 
        sample 2,  Nan-ko no ringo ga arimasu ka? -> Answer: hak-ko no ringo ga arimasu. 
       ( Instead of "nan-ko" , you can put "ikutsu" e.g  " Ringo wa ikutsu arimasu ka ? )

       * For example "How many people are there here?"--> Answer: There are ten people here. 
         sample 1, Koko ni nan-nin imasu ka? -->Answer: ( Koko ni ) juu-nin imasu. 
         sample 2, nan-nin koko ni imasu ka? --> Answer: Juu-nin (koko ni) imasu. 
       ( It is impossible to use "ikutsu " to count persons)

      *For example, "How old are you?" --> Answer: I am 25 years old. 
         Anata wa nan-sai desu ka ? -->Answer : (watashi wa) nijuugo-sai desu, 
         (  Instead of "nan-sai", you can use "ikutsu"  e.x  Anata wa ikutsu desu ka? )

      *For example "On which floor is your company? -->Answer: My company is on 4th floor. 
         Anata no kaisha wa nan-kai desu ka? -->Answer:(Watashi no kaisha wa ) yon-kai desu. 
         ( It is impossible to use "ikutsu" to count floors of buildings) 
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  Exercise 4  Please ask questions according to the example.

   e,g  Ask about the number of Japanese books(  Answer: 2) 
    　   =>( with 何) 日本語の本は何冊ありますか。Nihon-go no hon wa Nan-satsu arimasuka ?　
　　　　　　Ni-satsu arimasu.（二冊あります。） 

         =>( with いくつ) 日本語の本はいくつありますか。Nihon-go no hon wa ikutsu arimasuka.  
        　　 * If "ikutsu "can not be used, you don't need to write anything, but do write the reason.. 
 

  1,  Ask about the quantity of old stamps ( Answer: 17) 
      => ( with 何) 
      => ( with いくつ) 
  
　2,  Ask about the quantity of white horses (Answer: 5)  *white=しろい(true adj.) , *horse=馬（う ま） 
      => ( with 何) 
      => ( with いくつ) 
  
　3,  Ask about the number of cherry trees (Answer: 8) *cherry tree = 桜（さくら） 
      => ( with 何) 
      => ( with いくつ) 
  
　4,  Ask about the number of parrots (Answer : 6) *parrot=オウム 
      => ( with 何) 
      => ( with いくつ) 
  
　5, Ask about the number of  coffee-cups  ( Answer: 9)  
      => ( with 何) 
      => ( with いくつ)