<Lesson-8>

In this lesson, you will learn the expressions for shopping and for stating the times.

 A, Expressions for shopping (  --はいくらですか ? )

    Let us take a  simple conversation while shopping. ( Please click here to listen to these conversations )

     A, すみま せん が、このり んごはいくらですか。 Sumimasen ga, kono ringo wa ikura desu ka ? 
          (Excuse me, How much are these apples ?) 

     B, 一個 (いっ こ）で百円 （ひゃくえん）です。 (Kono ringo wa) ikko de hyaku-en desu. 
　　　　(These apples are 100-yen each ) 

     A, では、 七個 （ななこ） ください。 Dewa,  nana-ko kudasai.   
　　　　(So, please give me seven pieces) 

     B,   は い、七個で七百円（ななひゃくえん）です。 Hai, nana-ko de nana-hyaku-en desu.  
　　　　(Yes. That will be 700-yen for the seven ) 

     A ,   どうも あり がとう。 Doumo Arigatou.  
          ( Thank you very much)

 * "sumimasen ga" is commonly used when you ask a stranger something  or when 
     you want to ask something  in polite way.  Just"sumimasen " means " I am sorry. " 

 * "ikura " is  the interrogative word for asking a prices 

 * "de" is instrumental case indicator particle.  When the preceding word of "de" is a numeral with or without classifier, "de" denotes something budgeted in time, money , quantity etc. 

 * "kudasai " is "please give me".When you want to buy A, you can say "A(o)kudasai"

1,  Interrogative word "いくら" (how much)

     The basic sentence structure is "(subject/topic/reference) wa ikura desuka" 
     When you ask the price of goods,  you use this _expression. 
     But "ikura " is possible to use not only when you ask prices ,but also when you  ask 
     quantity, time, distance. You will learn these question forms in a later lesson.

Exercise 1.  Please make up Japanese conversations as in the example. 

       e.g   <This watch> この時計はいくらですか。 Kono tokei wa ikura desu ka. 
             < 10000-en>  この時計は一万円です。  Kono tokei wa ichiman-en desu. 

   1, Q<This dictionary> *dictionary=辞書（じしょ） 
       A<3000-en> 

   2, Q<Your car> 
       A<1000000-en> 
  
　3, Q<This camera> 
       A<30000-en> 
  
　4, Q<Baseball ticket>  *ticket=切符（きっぷ）, * baseball=野球（やきゅう） 
       A<800-en>

   5, Q<This pretty doll> *pretty=かわいい(true adj.) 　*doll=人形（にんぎょう） 
       A< 2500-en> 
  
 

2, Instrumental case indicator particle "で"

  This particle has various functions . For instance,

1, When the noun preceding "de" is the instrument with which some action is conducted
     e.g テレビで日本語の授業があります。 Terebi de nihongo no jugyoo ga arimasu　
        (There are Japanese lessons on T.V)

2, When the noun preceding "de"is the place where the concrete action is taking place.
     e.g 私は東京ではたらきます。 Watashi wa Tokyo de hatarakimasu. 　
        ( I work in Tokyo.) * はたらく=to work

　But, when the preceding word of "de"is a numeral with or without a classifier(unit) 
　"de"denotes something distributed according to the medium expressed by numbers such as quantity,amounts

  e.g   この卵は六個で三百円です。Kono tamago wa  rok-ko de  300-yen desu. ( This egg is 300-yen for 6 pieces ) 
         ガソリンは十リットルで千円です。Gasorin wa juu-rittoru de 1000-yen desu. (Gasoline is 1000-yen for 10liters) 
         勘定は全部で千円です。Kanjou wa zenbu de  1000-en desu. *zenbu=all  ( The bill is 1000-yen in all)

Exercise 2, Please make Japanese sentence as in the example.

  e.g  Q ( this book)  この本はいくらですか。 Kono hon wa ikura desu ka. 
        A ( 3units, 1000-yen)  三冊で千円です。 San-satsu de sen-en desu.

1, Q (this pencil)  *pencil＝鉛筆（えんぴつ） 
    A ( 5 units, 70-yen) 
  
2, Q ( this socks)  *socks＝靴下（くつした） 
   A ( 2 pairs, 150-yen) 
  
3, Q ( this red wine)  *red=akai＝赤い　 
   A ( 1 unit, 800-yen) 
  
4, Q ( this fish) 
   A,( 1kg, 600-yen)  * 1kg=ichi-kiro=一キロ 
 

3, The expression  of "ください" ( please give me--)

The basic formula of "kudasai"is "(object) o kudasai."as in "kore o kudasai.(Please give me this one)" 
You can use this _expression when you want to get something or when you order something.
"o"is the accusative indicator particle. This particle shows that the preceding noun or pronoun is a direct object of a transitive verb.

 Let's look at  examples of this sort of sentence.. 

1, この肉をください。Kono niku o kudasai.  ( Please give me this meat.) 

2, この肉を一キロください。Kono niku o ichi-kiro kudasai.　(Please give me 1kg of this meat.)
 
* Sentence1 mentions only the meat , If you want to mention the quantity as well, 
   You can add the word of quantity just before"kudasai"(as in  sentence2)

Exercise 3  Please translate into Japanese ,following the example.

e.g   Please give me 3 eggs (lit. 3 units of egg) 
         => 卵（たまご）をみっつ（or三個）ください。 tamago o mittsu( or san-ko) kudasai.

1,  Please give me 5 (sheets of) envelopes  *envelope＝封筒（ふうとう）

2,  Please give me 4 bottles of beer *beer=ビール

3,  Please give me 3kg of rices  *rice＝米（こめ）

4,  Please give us 6 portions of noodles  *noodle＝そば 
     * portion => (ひとり、ふたり、さんにん.......)+ぶん  e.g 　ひとりぶん＝一人分(1 portion) 
  
5,  Please give me 2 Japanese magazines. *magazine＝雑誌（ざっし） 
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B,  Expression of Time

Now, you will learn how to ask the time, date, and the day of the week etc.

1,  How to ask time

Here is an example of the conversation.

A, すみませんが、今何時ですか。 sumimasen ga, ima nan-ji desu ka?  (今＝いま） 
　　(Excuse me, what time is it now?) 

B, 今、午前十時二十分です。  Ima, gozen juu-ji ni-jup-pun desu. 
　　(Now, it is 10:20 in the morning)

The expression of  time

*o'clock (classifier: じ) 
1, いちじ(一時) 2, にじ(二時）3, さんじ(三時)4, よじ(四時）5, ごじ(五時).......11, じゅういちじ(十一時),12 じゅうにじ(十二時)

*minutes(classifier:ふん/ぷん) 
いっぷん(一分）, にふん（二分）, さんぷん（三分）, よんぷん（四分）, ごふん（五分）, ろっぷん（六分） 
ななふん（七分）, はっぷん（八分）, きゅうふん（九分）, じゅっぷん（十分）, じゅういっぷん（十一分）, じゅうにふん（十二分）,,,,

*With the classifier"ji", there is no sound change in the number or classifier word.

*With the classifier  of minutes, there are sound changes in both the number and classifier word.( 1,3,4,6.10=ぷん, 2,5,7.8.9=ふん) 
   Minute counts higher than10 minutes follow the same rules.  e.g  45=よんじゅうごふん(四十五分)

*"in the morning(A.M) "  = 午前（ごぜん）* "in the afternoon(P.M)"= 午 後（ごご）*at  noon"=正午（しょうご）

* Interrogative form => What is the hour? =何時（なんじ）,  How many minutes?=何分（なんぷん）

Exercise 4, Please express the time as in the example.

  e,g   5:15 in the morning => 午前五時十五分 （ごぜんごじじゅうごふん）　

1,  4:20 in the afternoon 
2,  3:00 in the morning 
3,  9:30 in the morning 
4,  12: 18 in the afternoon 
5,  10: 55 in the morning 
6,  7:08 in the afternoon 
    ( for 30 minutes one can say "han"which means "half")

2, How to ask the date and the day of the week and how to use the interrogative word "いつ "

  Here are some examples: ( Please click here to listen to these conversations )

1A, 今日(きょう）は何曜日（なんようび）ですか。Kyou wa nan-youbi desu ka. ( What day of the week is it today?) 
　B 今日は水曜日（すいようび）です。Kyou wa sui-youbi desu. ( Today is Wednesday.) * suiyoo-bi=Wednesday

2A, あなたの誕生日（たんじょうび）はいつですか。Anata no tanjoubi wa itsu desu ka. ( When is your birthday?) 
  B, わたしの誕生日はあさってです。Watashi no tanjoubi wa  asatte desu. ( My birthday is the day after tomorrow.) 
       *たんじょうび=birthday.  *あさって=the day after tomorrow

3A, あさっては何月の何日ですか。Asatte wa nan-gatsu (no) nan-nichi desu ( Which day is the day after tomorrow?) 
  B, あさっては八月十日です。Asatte wa hachi-gatsu (no) too-ka desu. ( It is the 10th. August. )

 *How to name the days of the week (the suffix  --ようび)

Sunday	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday
Nichi-youbi   日曜日	Getsu-youbi   月曜日	Ka-youbi   火曜日	Sui-youbi   水曜日	Moku-youbi   木曜日	Kin-youbi   金曜日	Do-youbi   土曜日

  # Interrogative form = 何曜日（なんようび）

 *How to name the months (the suffix --がつ)

January=ichi-gatsu 一月	April=   shi-gatsu 四月	July=shichi-gatsu 七月	October= juu-gatsu 十月
Feburuary=ni-gatsu 二月	May=   go-gatsu 五月	August=hachi-gatsu 八月	November=juuichigatsu 十一月
March=san-gatsu 三月	June=roku-gatsu 六月	September= ku-gatsu 九月	December＝juuni-gatsu 十二月

  #Interrogative form = 何月（なんがつ）

 *How to name Date (till the10th.=suffix "か"except 1st. * from the11th.=suffix"にち"except 14,20,24)

1, tsuitachi　一日	9, kokono-ka　九日	17, juu-shichi-nichi　十七日	25,ni-juu- go-nichi　二十五日
2, futsu-ka　二日	10, too-ka　十日	18, juu-hachi-nichi　十八日	26,ni-juu- roku-nichi　二十六日
3, mik-ka　三日	11, juu-ichi-nichi　十一日	19, juu-ku-nichi　十九日	27,ni-juu- shichi-nichi二十七日
4, yok-ka　四日	12, juu-ni-nichi　十二日	20, hatsu-ka　二十日	28,ni-juu- hachi-nichi二十八日
5, itsu-ka　五日	13, juu-san-nichi　十三日	21, ni-juu-ichi-nichi　二十一日	29,ni-juu- ku-nichi二十九日
6, mui-ka　六日	14, juu-yok-ka　十四日	22, ni-juu-ni-nichi　二十二日	30,san-juu -nichi三十日
7, nano-ka　七日	15, juu-go-nichi　十五日	23, ni-juu-san-nichi　二十三日	31,san-juu -ichi-nichi三十一日
8, you-ka　八日	16, juu-roku-nichi　十六日	24, ni-juu-yok-ka　二十四日

#Interrogative word = 何日（なんにち）

* You can give the date as in the following examples 
   e,g   June. 15th= 六月十五日(ろくがつじゅうごにち)
            Sep. 7th = 九月七日(くがつなのか)
           Today is Sunday Feb.10th . 今日は二月十日(にがつとおか)の日曜日です。

Exercise 5  Please make Japanese sentence as in the given examples.

   e,g   When is your birthday?  => あなたの誕生日はいつですか。 Anata no tanjoobi wa itsu desu ka. 
          My birthday is on the 6th of January => 私の誕生日は一月六日です。 Watashi no tanjoobi wa ichigatsu muika desu. 
          ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- 
          Which months is the summer?=> 夏は何月ですか。 Natsu wa nan-gatsu desu ka. 
          The summer is July&August.=> 夏は七月と八月です。 Natsu wa shichi-gatsu to hachi-gatsu desu.

1, When is New Year's Day ?   New Year's day is the 1st of January. 
　 *New Year's day＝がんじつ(元日)

2, Which months is the winter in Japan?  The winter in Japan is Dec,Jan and Feb. 
　　*winter＝ふゆ(冬)

3, When is your wedding anniversary ? It is on the 25th of March. 
　 *wedding anniversary＝けっこんきねんび(結婚記念日)

4, What is the date tomorrow ?  Tomorrow is Monday, the 17th of April, . 
　　*tomorrow = あした(明日)

5, When is the next holiday? It is on Tuesday, 22nd of September 
　　*next=＝つぎの(次の)  * holiday＝きゅうじつ(休日)

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