< Lesson 9>
In this lesson, you will learn some expressions with the
particles<kara>and<made>
and how to ask questions of time duration,
distance etc.
A, Expressions using <から>and <まで>
* How to use <から>
There are some rules about the use of "kara" the
most common rule is ,,,
If
the word preceding "kara" denotes a place , time or person ,
it indicates an origin or starting point.
e.g こ
こは駅から五分です。 koko wa eki
kara go-fun desu. (
This place is 5 minutes from the station )
この映画は十
時 からです。 kono eiga wa juu-ji
kara desu. ( This movie
starts at 10 o'clock)
* How to use <まで>
<made> indicates a terminus in place or time etc.
e.g 今日の勉強は一
時までです。kyou no benkyou wa ichi-ji
made desu.( Today's lesson is
until 1 o'clock)
この電車は大
阪までです。 kono densha wa Osaka
made desu. (
This train goes as far as Osaka) * densha=train
==============================
Now, you can make up
sentences with these 2 particles in the following examples A,and
B and C.
( Please click here to
listen to these sentences. )
A 私の家から/会社（かいしゃ）まで/バスで/二十
分です。
( It
takes 20 minutes by bus from my house to the
company )
The
structure of this sentence is "A(place)
か ら B(place)まで C(means)でD です."
B 午前（ごぜん）九時から/午後（ごご）五時まで/仕事（しご と）があります。
( There
is a work from 9 o'clock in the morning till 5 o'clock in the
afternoon)
The
structure of this sentence is " A(time)
か ら B(time)まで C があります "
C 日本のニュースは/八時から/九時まで/です。
(
Japanese news is from 8 o'clock till 9 o'clock )
The structure of this sentence is "A は
B(time/place)からC(time/place) までです"
* With
structure A , you can express how long it takes ( e.g time of
transportation)
* With structure B, you can
express the schedule of work or entertainment or occasion etc
* With structure C, you can
express the working time,period, section and territory,range
etc.
==============================
<Expression of structure A> A から B まで C で D です. or C でA から B まで D です
* The words A and B
are place or location word.
* The word C before the particle"de"
denotes some means of transportation
e.g
basu(bus)de , densha (train)de , toho (walking)de ,
hikouki (plane) de
* The word D is the length of time
.To say the length of time,you
can add "kan" after time.
e.g ni-ji-kan(2
hours), san-jup-pun(-kan)(30 minutes), Yojikan
go-fun(4hours 5minutes)
( You can omit "kan "after minutes on
the above formula.)
Exercise 1 Please say the length of time in Japanese.
e.g 10minutes =十分間(じゅっぷんかん) , 1hour 10 minutes= 一時間十分(いちじかんじゅっぷん)
1, 35 minutes
2, 3 hours
3, 6 hours 40 minutes
4, 23 hours 26 minutes
When you want to say the length of
time in days, months and years , as in "
for two days" ,"for two months"
and " for two years", the
expression is as follows
*Days=>二日間（ふつかかん）、三日間（
( You can
just add "kan "after how to call the date you learned on the
last lesson )
*Week=>
一週間（いっしゅうかん）、二週間（にしゅうかん）、三週間（
( the
number of Chinese system + shuu(week)
+kan) *sound change in 1,8,10
*Month=>一か月(+間)（いっかげつかん）、
( the
number of Chinese system +"kagetsu"+ kan) * sound change
in 1,6,8.10
*Year=>一年間（いちねんかん）、二年間（
( the
number of Chinese system + nen (year)
+ kan)
* If you want to say, "
about 1hour " or " about 30minutes", you can add "ぐらい(くらい)" or
"ほど"
after the length of
time. e.g ichiji-kan gurai = about 1hour , "
jup-pun hodo"=about 10 minutes
Exercise 2, Please make proper sentences as in the example.
e,g
( my home)==>( my company ) --walking--10 minutes
私の家から私の会社まで徒歩（とほ）で十分（じゅっぷん）です。
1, (
Tokyo)==>(Hong-Kong)--plane--4 hours
2, ( Shinjuku)==>(Ueno)--subway--40
minutes *subway＝地下鉄 (ちかてつ）
3, ( your city)==>( my city)
--bicycle-- 1 hour 10 minutes *bicycle＝自転車（じてんしゃ）
*city＝町（まち）
4, ( this place)==>( the top
)--walking--2 hours 40 minutes * top ＝頂上（ちょうじょう）,
5, ( Koube) ==> ( Nagoya)-- car--
about 2 hours
------------------------------
<How to ask time
duration> A からB までC で(どれくらい/なんじかん) ですか。
* The
interrogative word for asking how long it takes is"dorekurai"or"nan-jikan"or"n
* "dorekurai "can be used also for asking distances. ( without "C de")
e.g.
ここから駅（えき）までどれくらいです
か。( How far is it from here to the station?)
ここから駅まで一キロ（メートル）ぐら
いです。( It is about 1km from here to the station.)
Exercise 3 Please make Japanese sentence as in the example.
e.g Q, (your
home =>your company)
=>あなたの家からあなたの会社までどれくらいですか。
A, (20
minutes with bus)
=>バスで二十分です。
1, Q ( this
station=>Ginza station )
A ( about 30 minutes
with subway)=>
2, Q ( my
office=>bank) * office=＝事務所 （じむしょ）
A ( 200 m) *
meter=meetoru
3, Q ( Japan==>France)
A ( about 9 hours
with plane)
4, Q ( here=> center of city) * center＝中心（ちゅうしん）,
A,( 2 km)=>
5, Q ( that place => here)
A, ( about 1hour 30
minutes with walking)
-----------------------------
<Expression of structure
B> A(time)から B(time)まで
C があります。
*This is a typical form of
expression for a schedule or plan .
The word A and the word B are
time. You can put any occation, event, and daily activity
in the position of the word C.
This sentence mention about the length
of "C" which is between "A"and"B"
e.g, 三 時から五時まで会社の会議（かいぎ）があります。 ( There is a meeting of the company from 3 o'clock till 5 o'clock )
* "A ( time ) ni B( occasion,
event etc) ga arimasu" also expresses the schedule or plan in
future.
But, this sentence don't mention
about the length of "B"
This sentence mention only the
time,date in which B will be conducted
e.g 午 後八時にパーティーがあります。 ( There is a party at 8 o'clock in the afternoon.)
Exercise 4 Please express the schedule as in the example.
e.g There is a meeting from 8 o'clock until 10
o'clock * meeting =会議（かいぎ）
=> 八
時から十時まで会議があります。
There is a meeting at 8 o'clock
=> 八
時に会議があります。
1, There is summer holiday
from July till August. * summer=夏（なつ） ,holiday=休み（やすみ）
2, There is a test of driving at
Monday ) *driving=運転（うんてん）
3, There is a school trip from Tuesday till
Wednesday *trip =旅行（りょこう）
4, There is a job-training from
10th till 13th) *training=研修（けんしゅう） ,job=仕事（しごと）
5, There is my birthday party at 7 o'clock in
the afternoon, Wednesday) *birthday=誕生日（たんじょうび）
------------------------------
( Please click here to
listen to these sentences. )
* If you put a time-word for B,C in this
structure, you express the time-period over which A operates.
e.g この店は午前十時から午後十一時までです。
<This shop is (open)
from 10'clock in the morning till 11 o'clock in the
afternoon.>
* If you put a place- word for
B,C in this structure, you express the distance or area etc.
over which A extends
e.g この会社は（このビルの）一階
（いっかい）から三階（さんかい）
<This company extends
from the 1st. floor to the 3rd. floor ( of this
building).>
* You can insert various kind of
measures for B,C. and thus express the range of these measures.
e.g この道の渋滞（じゅうたい）は
十キロ（メートル）から二十キロ （メートル）までです。
< The traffic jam of this road
extends from 10 km till 20 km.> (km=キロメートル)
Exercise 5 Please make Japanese sentence like example.
e.g (that
department store)( 10 o'clock in the morning => 7 o'clock in
the afternoon)
あのデパートは午前十時から午後七時までです。
1, ( this train ) ( Tokyo
station=> Osaka station)
2, ( my restaurant) ( morning => night)
*morning=朝（あさ）, night=夜（よる）
3, ( Japanese rainy season) ( June=> July)
*rainy season=雨期（うき）
4, ( the class of cooking) ( 10people=>15people)
*class=クラス, cooking=料理（りょうり）
5,( your good weight) (
60kg=>65Kg) *weight=体重（たいじゅう）, kg=キロ
------------------------------
B Genitive
usage < A からの B (B from
A)> < A までのB (B
to A) >
<
A kara no B> (B from A)
* <kara no> is the combination of
particle<kara> and particle<no>
* the word A stands for a person, place ,
time etc.
e.g 父
からのプレゼント ( a present from my father)
e.g これは父からのプ
レゼントです。( This is a present from my father)
Exercise 6 Please translate into Japanese using <karano>
1, This is a letter
from my friend. *letter=手紙（てがみ）
2, This person is a guest from America.
*guest=ゲスト, お客さん（おきゃくさん）
3, This is the salary from my company
*salary=給料（きゅうりょう）
4, Please give me a ticket for a movie from
7o'clock.
<A
made no B> (B to A)
* <made no> is the combination of
particle<made> and particle<no>
* the word A usually expresses place
or time.
e.g 東
京までの切符（きっぷ）( a ticket to Tokyo)
e.g 東
京までの切符をください。( Please give me a ticket to Tokyo)
Exercise 7 Please translate into Japanese using <madeno>
1, How far is the distance to
Sapporo ? *distance=距離（きょり)
2, This is my homework till Wednesday.
*homework=宿題（しゅくだい)
3, This is a route to my home. *route＝道順（みちじゅん)
4, There is an urgent job till tomorrow.
*urgent=急（きゅう）-noun adj.
-----------------------------